Software engineering conclusions and future work

This can help in a few treatments. Another tip that could genuinely help you while writing a conclusion is writing down a question. Now, this is something that might not be appropriate for papers of all kinds. Most of the research papers have had one treatment that is effective for the diseases and may have all the information that is needed to make an argument that is ready for the paper.

If you want, you may also summarize in very brief all the answers once you have written the question. You may also just throw out the question to the reader so that they can think on their own and answer it. When we said you should ask a question , we mean that you should ask questions that are related to the issue. It was a wonderful learning experience for me while working on this project.

This project took me through the various phases of project development and gave me real insight into the world of software engineering. The below-mentioned tips will help you start with your conclusion. So read thoroughly, make some points before you get started with it.

Most research papers that are called goodwill make the value of the topic you are writing much more conspicuous. So you have to write some kind of defense that is elaborate on the topic you are writing in conclusion. You can also start with the help of one sentence that you would like to restate the topic you are writing on.

A project conclusion example can be used to explain this. Before you are done with your conclusion writing, you will have to make a collection of all the things you would like to mention.

So get a list and write down everything in brief. So before you make any mistake, just collect all the information on a piece of paper and then start! Having a good idea of all the points that you will use would be a good idea.

It is always a good idea to address those issues that are important and that you need to address fully and explain all the important points that are needed in the body of the paper. The whole point of having a conclusion is that you will need to have a good research paper that needs to be summarized so that the reader can read. If the need arises, you could mention to all your readers that there is a need for some more research as it is important and that they should read up more on this topic.

Just see whether it needs something like this. Of course, there are so many topics that are so difficult to understand and need a whole lot of reading. It might not always be possible to write it down. You should also always mention what is important about the topic and what are the most important points and keywords one should always remember about this. It will help the person who is reading understand you better and of course… the topic will also become clear to them. You will be marked better for this also.

Before you are submitting a topic, please remember to check whether you have made any mistakes. Plus you should never write it directly. Make a couple of drafts after which you can write it down in a few points. Plus proofreading and checking are always important. Your teacher is going to read your project, especially the part where you have written a conclusion.

It is highly important. As the community matures in its statistical sophistication, the areas themselves should evolve to reflect the maturation process. Designed experiments. Software engineering is inherently experimental, yet relatively few designed experiments have been conducted.

Software engineering education programs must stress the desirability, wherever feasible, of validating new techniques through the use of statistically valid, designed experiments. Part of the reason for the lack of experimentation in software engineering may involve the large variability in human programming capabilities. As pointed out in Chapter 5 , the most talented programmer may be 20 times more productive than the least talented. This disparity makes it difficult to conduct experiments because the between-subject variability tends to overwhelm the treatment effects.

Experimental designs that address broad variability in subjects should be emphasized in the software engineering curriculum. A similar emphasis should be given to random- and fixed-effects models with hierarchical structure and to distinguishing within- and between-experiment variability. There is also a role for the statistics profession in the development of guidelines for experiments in software engineering akin to those mandated by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials.

These guidelines will require reformulation in the software engineering context with the possible involvement of various industry and academic forums, including the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Statistical Association, and the Software Engineering Institute.

Exploratory data analysis. It is important to appreciate the strengths and the limitations of available data by challenging the data with a battery of numerical, tabular, and graphical methods.

Exploratory data analysis methods e. One of the attitudes toward statistical analysis that is important to convey is that of. The iterative nature of improving the model fit by removing structure from the residuals must be stressed in discussions of statistical modeling. The models used by statisticians differ dramatically from those used by nonstatisticians. The differences stem from advances in the statistical community in the past decade that effectively relax assumptions of linearity for nearly all classical techniques.

This relaxation is obtained by assuming only local linearity and using smoothing techniques e. The result is quite flexible but interpretable models that are relatively unknown outside the statistics community.

Arguably these more recent methods lack the well-studied inferential properties of classical techniques, but that drawback is expected to be remedied in coming years. Educational information exchanges should be conducted to stimulate more frequent and wider use of such comparatively recent techniques. Risk analysis. Software systems are often used in conjunction with other software and hardware systems.

For example, in telecommunications, an originating call is connected by switching software; however, the actual connection is made by physical cables, transmission cells, and other components. The mega systems thus created run our nation's telephone systems, stock markets, and nuclear power plants.

Failures can be very expensive, if not catastrophic. Thus, it is essential to have software and hardware systems built in such a way that they can tolerate faults and provide minimal functionality, while precluding a catastrophic failure. This type of system robustness is related to so-called fault-tolerant design of software Leveson, Risk analysis has played a key role in identifying fault-prone components of hardware systems and has helped in managing the risks associated with very complex hardware-software systems.

A paradigm suggested by Dalal et al. For software systems, risk analysis typically begins with identifying programming styles, characteristics of the modules responsible for most software faults, and so on. Statistical analysis of root-cause data leads to a risk profile for a system and can be useful in risk reduction. Risk management also involves consideration of the probability of occurrence of various failure scenarios. Such probabilities are obtained either by using the Delphi method e.

One of the key requirements in failure-scenario analysis is to dynamically update information about the scenarios as new data on system behavior become available, such as a changing user profile. Attitude toward assumptions.

As software engineers are aware, a major difference between statistics and mathematics is that for the latter, it matters only that assumptions be correctly stated, whereas for the former, it is essential that the prevailing assumptions be supported by the data. This distinction is important, but unfortunately it is often taken too literally by many who use statistical techniques. Tukey has long argued that what is important is not so much that assumptions are violated but rather that their effect on conclusions is well understood.

Thus for a linear model, where the standard assumptions include normality, homoscedasticity, and independence, their importance to statements of inference is exactly in the opposite order. Statistics textbooks, courses, and consulting activities should convey the statistician's level of understanding of and perspective on the importance of assumptions for statistical inference methods. The importance of plotting data in all aspects of statistical work cannot be overemphasized.

Graphics is important in exploratory stages to ascertain how complex a model the data can support; in the analysis stage for display of residuals to examine what a currently entertained model has failed to account for; and in the presentation stage where graphics can provide succinct and convincing summaries of the statistical analysis and associated uncertainty.

Visualization can also help software engineers cope with, and understand, the huge quantities of data collected in the software development process. It has been calculated by simulation that in shielded overseas telegrams, the electromotive forces induced due to radiated ESD is negligible thereby reenforcing the theory that shielded overseas telegrams can protect equipment from high frequence radiated Fieldss due to ESD. The consequence of fluctuation of the parametric quantities such the overseas telegram length, tallness of the overseas telegram above the land plane and the angle of incidence of the ESD pulsation has been discussed.

The peak amplitude of the overseas telegram sheath current decreases correspondingly with lessening in the length of the overseas telegram. This alteration in the happening of the extremum is due to smaller value of induction in instance of shorter overseas telegrams as compared to long overseas telegrams.

The peak amplitude of the. The sheath current decreases with the addition in angle of incidence, as the induced current is map of cos i? The induced electromotive force in bend depends upon sheath current and surface transportation electric resistance of the overseas telegram.

The induced electromotive forces for a shielded overseas telegram of length 1m, height 0. Available Only on StudyHippo. Electricity , Electronics , engineering , Future. View Entire Sample Download Sample. Text preview. Mathematical analysis and appraisal to cipher the induced transient electromotive forces in shielded and unshielded overseas telegrams is presented. This enables the inte The peak value of the induced electromotive force due to IEC contact.