Breast cancer and epstein-barr virus

Negative controls were obtained by omitting specific primary antibody for E6 and LMP1. LMP1 protein expression EBV was further assessed for the expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and stromal cells [ 33 ]. Graphs were plotted using GraphPad Prism software version 8.

The clinicopathological characteristics of the cohort are summarized in Table 1. The mean age of all patients was We found that 66 of the samples were positive for high-risk HPVs HPV types 18, 31, 33, 39, 56, 59, 66 and 68 were not detected in our examined samples Fig.

The distribution of each high-risk HPV subtype in Lebanese breast cancer samples. The PCR analysis included breast cancer samples revealing that the most frequent HPV subtypes are 52, 35, 58, 45, 16 and Furthermore, our data pointed out that the most common co-infections of breast cancer samples were with HPV52 and other high-risk HPV subtypes. Fifty of the remaining seventy-nine cases The remaining cases were negative for E6 of HPV.

A case of invasive ductal carcinoma upper images, Hematoxylin and Eosin stain with E6 protein HPV expression by immunohistochemistry lower images. A case of invasive breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation and focal mucin production upper images, Hematoxylin and Eosin stain with a LMP1 protein EBV positivity by immunohistochemistry lower images.

Twenty-three of the 79 samples On the contrary, one of the major findings in our study is the predominance of HPV genotypes 52, 35 and 58 in breast cancer from Lebanese women Fig. Moreover, HPV type 35 has been reported in breast cancer in Syrian and Turkish populations [ 28 , 29 ]. Remarkably, studies in Bahraini and Omani women with cervical cancer, reported that HPV52 is the most prevalent subtype [ 50 , 51 ].

Similar to our data, HPV type 18 has a low prevalence in Syrian breast cancer samples [ 29 ]. However, analysis in breast cancer samples from Chinese population did not detect the presence of HPV types 16 and 18 [ 52 ]. Moreover, PCR analysis on breast cancer samples from Australia detected HPV type 18 as the most prevalent subtype in breast cancer specimens followed by HPV types 16, 45, 58 and 73 [ 53 ].

Therefore, this variation in the prevalence of HPV and genotype distribution is attributed to geographical locations, sample size as well as methodological differences, as it has been described previously [ 46 , 54 ].

In addition, it is important to highlight that an earlier study from our group has shown that HPV type 16 is the most frequent in breast cancer in Canadian women [ 22 ]. Thus, our data corresponds with our previous work as well as other published studies related to the difference in the geographic distribution of HPV types in breast cancer.

Moreover, it has been revealed that the presence of high-risk HPVs can be associated with cancer phenotype [ 9 , 11 , 28 ]. However, the underlying mechanism by which EBV infects mammary epithelial cells is still nascent. In this regard, a study by Hu et al. Moreover, EBV infection along with activated Ras triggers breast cancer development; EBV infection may prompt transformation of mammary epithelial cells to malignant cells, however, EBV is not vital once malignant transformation has transpired [ 66 ].

Therefore, our data indicate that the prevalence of EBV in breast cancer tissues in Lebanon is almost similar to its incidence worldwide including the ME region.

Interestingly, based on others and our previous works, co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV is involved in the onset and progression of various cancers including HN, colorectal, cervical as well as breast [ 29 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 67 , 68 ]. Moreover, several investigations have demonstrated an association between the co-presence of HPVs and EBV and advanced breast Nottingham histological grade [ 55 ] as well as aggressive tumor phenotype [ 69 ].

This study clearly shows the co-presence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in Lebanese breast cancer women and implies that it is associated with tumor grade in our examined samples. Moreover, it is important to take into consideration the most common HPV types in the region in order to select the appropriate HPV vaccine.

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Support Center Support Center. External link. Please review our privacy policy. Can distinguish virus in tumour cells from virus in other cells such as lymphocytes. Highly sensitive and specific method for detecting the presence of viral DNA. Highly sensitive and specific method for detecting the presence of viral DNA, with enhanced amplification. Highly sensitive and specific method for detecting the presence of viral DNA, which allows quantification of viral DNA.

Their findings will be published online in Science on January 13, Story Source: Materials provided by Harvard T. Healy, Jens Kuhle, Michael J. Mina, Yumei Leng, Stephen J. Elledge, David W. Niebuhr, Ann I. Scher, Kassandra L. Munger, Alberto Ascherio. Longitudinal analysis reveals high prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus associated with multiple sclerosis. Science , DOI: ScienceDaily, 13 January